{"id":10547,"date":"2022-10-30T16:33:34","date_gmt":"2022-10-30T21:33:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/aaronnewcomer.com\/?p=10547"},"modified":"2024-07-06T16:28:46","modified_gmt":"2024-07-06T21:28:46","slug":"henri-barthe-lark-mirror-ortolan-bunting","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/aaronnewcomer.com\/fr\/henri-barthe-lark-mirror-ortolan-bunting\/","title":{"rendered":"Henri Barthe & Le Miroir aux Alouettes; avec un go\u00fbt d'Ortolan"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"\"<\/a>
L’ALOUETTE CHASS\u00c9E AU MIROIR
Catalogue de la Manufacture fran\u00e7aise d'armes et cycles de Saint-Etienne 1905<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Un miroir aux alouettes, \u00e9tait un outil pour aider les chasseurs \u00e0 attirer les petits oiseaux chanteurs vers leur position pour qu'ils puissent \u00eatre r\u00e9colt\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
\n
\"Dictionnaire<\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n
\"Dictionnaire<\/a>
Dictionnaire Fran\u00e7ois de Pierre Richelet<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

En 1680, un ancien dictionnaire fran\u00e7ais mentionnait ces miroirs pour attraper les alouettes et les ortolans. Il les d\u00e9finissait comme :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un morceau de bois taill\u00e9 en arche o\u00f9 il y a plusieurs encoches sur lesquelles sont coll\u00e9s de petits miroirs & qui est soutenu par un piquet au milieu duquel il y a un trou pour y mettre une ficelle afin de faire tourner ce miroir, qui est enfonc\u00e9 dans le sol entre deux feuilles pour attraper des ortolans & principalement des alouettes.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

\"Alouette
Alouette et Ortolan<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bruant ortolan<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Ces petits oiseaux chanteurs \u00e9taient consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme un mets d\u00e9licat et \u00e9taient cuits et mang\u00e9s en entier, en une seule bouch\u00e9e; t\u00eate, os et tout. Les ortolans \u00e9taient les plus convoit\u00e9s et leur consommation a \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sent\u00e9e dans les peintures et les m\u00e9dias au fil des si\u00e8cles comme un acte glouton, presque honteux. La pr\u00e9paration fran\u00e7aise moderne de cette d\u00e9licatesse consisterait \u00e0 utiliser des ortolans captur\u00e9s vivants et aveugl\u00e9s ou gard\u00e9s dans des cages sombres o\u00f9 ils \u00e9taient gav\u00e9s jusqu'\u00e0 ce qu'ils atteignent deux fois leur taille normale. Ils \u00e9taient ensuite noy\u00e9s et r\u00f4tis dans de l'Armagnac, une sorte de brandy de la r\u00e9gion de l'Armagnac, dans le sud-ouest de la France.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Allen, Maria (2019) Se cacher le visage de Dieu.<\/em><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le service rituel de l'ortolan consistait \u00e0 ce que le convive place une serviette sur sa t\u00eate; en partie pour contenir les ar\u00f4mes pour une exp\u00e9rience sensorielle compl\u00e8te ainsi que, traditionnellement, pour cacher leur p\u00e9ch\u00e9 \u00e0 Dieu. La chasse, la capture et la consommation d'ortolans sont interdites en France depuis 1999, mais il y en a encore beaucoup consomm\u00e9s en priv\u00e9. Cet acte a m\u00eame r\u00e9cemment \u00e9t\u00e9 pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 dans des \u00e9missions de t\u00e9l\u00e9vision modernes telles que Billions, Succession et Hannibal. La BBC a un court extrait d'une reconstitution du somptueux souper du pr\u00e9sident fran\u00e7ais, Fran\u00e7ois Mitterrand, quelques jours avant sa mort, o\u00f9 lui et ses invit\u00e9s se sont r\u00e9gal\u00e9s de ces ortolans en 1995. Il peut \u00eatre visionn\u00e9 ici : https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/programmes\/p00khmkk<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a aussi un segment t\u00e9l\u00e9vis\u00e9 fran\u00e7ais archiv\u00e9 par l'Institut National de l'Audiovisuel qui montre et parle de la pr\u00e9paration et de la consommation de ce repas, qui peut \u00eatre visionn\u00e9 ici : https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SEPMuyGe7dg<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La consommation d'alouettes et d'autres oiseaux chanteurs n'est pas aussi \u00e9trange que le festin d'ortolans, bien qu'elle soit encore beaucoup plus rare que la consommation d'oiseaux plus gros. Ils sont encore souvent cuits entiers et g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement plac\u00e9s dans une tourte ou en gel\u00e9e. Une repr\u00e9sentation courante de cela se trouve dans la c\u00e9l\u00e8bre comptine o\u00f9 24 merles (un autre oiseau chanteur similaire) \u00e9taient cuits dans une tourte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le Miroir aux Alouettes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"\"
Miroirs aux alouettes de la collection de Jean-Yves Birabent<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les petits oiseaux chanteurs \u00e9taient attir\u00e9s par le reflet du soleil dans les miroirs et le verre brillant de ces objets qui \u00e9taient tourn\u00e9s d'avant en arri\u00e8re par une ficelle pendant que le chasseur attendait l'arriv\u00e9e des oiseaux. Le catalogue Manufrance, d'o\u00f9 provient l'image ci-dessous, donnait un petit aper\u00e7u de la fa\u00e7on de chasser ces alouettes. Ils d\u00e9claraient :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prenez garde de choisir un temps clair, sans vent, et - point important - que le sol soit couvert d'une bonne gel\u00e9e ; en un mot, profitez des belles matin\u00e9es de novembre et d\u00e9cembre.
Il faut prendre soin de se cacher grossi\u00e8rement derri\u00e8re un bouquet d'osier, une haie ou dans un foss\u00e9, l'aide tournera le miroir et appellera les alouettes avec un leurre.
L'alouette est d'abord aper\u00e7ue en de larges courbes \u00e0 distance, puis vient rapidement et soudainement s'arr\u00eater \u00e0 un point fixe au-dessus du miroir pour s'\u00e9loigner ensuite avec un crochet tr\u00e8s vif : c'est ce moment d'arr\u00eat qu'il faut rapidement saisir et tirer.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a>
L’ALOUETTE CHASS\u00c9E AU MIROIR
Catalogue de la Manufacture fran\u00e7aise d'armes et cycles de Saint-Etienne 1905<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il existait de nombreuses variantes brevet\u00e9es de ces miroirs aux alouettes et m\u00eame des accessoires tels qu'une p\u00e9dale qui permettait au chasseur de les actionner lui-m\u00eame. Vers la fin du 19e si\u00e8cle, des versions m\u00e9caniques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 con\u00e7ues, ce qui a rendu cette t\u00e2che encore plus facile. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

J'ai trouv\u00e9 l'exemple suivant d'une de ces variations m\u00e9caniques. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Mechanical<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il contient un m\u00e9canisme semblable \u00e0 un mouvement d'horlogerie \u00e0 l'int\u00e9rieur qui fait tourner la partie miroir en bois d'avant en arri\u00e8re. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
\n
\"Inside<\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n
\"Mechanical<\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Vous pouvez voir une vid\u00e9o de cet objet en action ici :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
https:\/\/photos.smugmug.com\/photos\/i-6PKLf4p\/0\/ebc79771\/1920\/i-6PKLf4p-1920.mp4<\/a><\/video><\/div>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Henri Barthe<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"Henri<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Henri Barthe \u00e9tait un fabricant d'amorces, de bourres et de cartouches. Son h\u00e9ritage remonte aux premiers fabricants d'amorces et de capsules de percussion. Il n'y a pas beaucoup d'informations sur l'entreprise, mais il y en a suffisamment pour \u00e9tablir une chronologie g\u00e9n\u00e9rale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 1819, Bellot & Daguin<\/em>, l'un des premiers fabricants d'amorces, est fond\u00e9.
D'ici 1825, Jean Maria Nicolaus Bellot et Fran\u00e7ois Victor Tardy forment Bellot & Tardy<\/em> en tant que successeurs et enregistrent une marque pour la marque \"T B\".
En 1825, Louis Sellier cr\u00e9e une usine de capsules de percussion \u00e0 Prague et s'associe rapidement avec Bellot pour cr\u00e9er Sellier & Bellot.
D'ici 1827, Tardy & Blanchet est form\u00e9 en tant que successeur de Bellot & Tardy et continue d'utiliser la marque \"T B\". Ils restent l'un des plus grands fabricants de capsules de percussion et d'amorces pendant de nombreuses d\u00e9cennies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\n
\n
\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le 15 mars 1873, les fils de Fran\u00e7ois Victor Tardy, Fran\u00e7ois-Joseph-Ferdinand et Alphonse-Fran\u00e7ois-Jean, fondent Tardy Fr\u00e8res<\/em> en tant que successeur de Tardy & Blanchet.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

\n

Le 24 septembre 1873, Fran\u00e7ois-Joseph-Ferdinand prend le contr\u00f4le exclusif de l'entreprise et se d\u00e9clare successeur de Tardy Fr\u00e8res, o\u00f9 il poss\u00e8de toujours les marques TB, TF et JC.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Annuaire-almanach<\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\"Archives<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\n
\n

Le 10 septembre 1876, Henri Barthe ach\u00e8te l'entreprise de Ferdinand Tardy et se d\u00e9clare successeur de Ferdinand Tardy et Tardy Fr\u00e8res ainsi que de leurs marques. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

\n
\"Annuaire-almanach<\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Marques AU MIROIR & H B<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\n
\n

Je travaille \u00e0 obtenir des copies des v\u00e9ritables enregistrements de marques, mais quelque part entre la fondation de l'entreprise d'Henri Barthe en 1876 et 1881, il enregistre au moins deux marques. La premi\u00e8re est Au Miroir<\/em>, qui est utilis\u00e9e sur les cartouches \u00e0 percussion centrale et \u00e0 broche.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Henri<\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n
\"\"
Photo de jeffcy67 sur le forum IAA<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Vous remarquerez que la marque sur la version \u00e0 broche repr\u00e9sente le m\u00eame miroir aux alouettes m\u00e9canique de ma collection. Ils existent en plusieurs tailles et tous ceux que j'ai vus ont un \u00e9tui marron fonc\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
\n

Il enregistrerait \u00e9galement une marque du symbole d'une grenade.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\"Henri<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le 31 octobre 1881, Barthe s'associe avec Dupont pour former une nouvelle entreprise appel\u00e9e Barthe et Dupont, munitions de chasse et de guerre<\/em>. Ce partenariat durerait jusqu'au 11 avril 1883, date \u00e0 laquelle l'entreprise serait achet\u00e9e par G\u00e9velot et deviendrait partie de la nouvelle Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Fran\u00e7aise des Munitions de chasse, de Tir et de Guerre<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Henri Barthe d\u00e9m\u00e9nage ensuite \u00e0 Milan, en Italie, o\u00f9 il fonde Enrico Barthe e C.<\/em> et devient le revendeur de la filiale italienne de SFM, connue sous le nom de Sociata franco italiana per le munizioni da caccia<\/em>. Cette entreprise deviendrait finalement la bien connue Leon Beaux.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

L’ALOUETTE CHASS\u00c9E AU MIROIRManufacture fran\u00e7aise d’armes et cycles de Saint-Etienne 1905 Catalog A lark mirror, known in French as le…<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":10551,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","wprm-recipe-roundup-name":"","wprm-recipe-roundup-description":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"{title}\n\n{excerpt}\n\n{url}","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"_wpas_customize_per_network":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[160],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10547","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ammunition"],"yoast_head":"\nHenri Barthe & The Lark Mirror; with a Taste of Ortolan Bunting<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Henri Barthe was a manufacturer of primers, wads and cartridges. 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