{"id":9550,"date":"2021-09-11T14:17:06","date_gmt":"2021-09-11T19:17:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/aaronnewcomer.com\/?p=9550"},"modified":"2024-07-06T16:29:08","modified_gmt":"2024-07-06T21:29:08","slug":"casimir-lefaucheux-first-pistol-and-the-death-of-paulys-cartridge-system","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/aaronnewcomer.com\/fr\/casimir-lefaucheux-first-pistol-and-the-death-of-paulys-cartridge-system\/","title":{"rendered":"Le premier pistolet de Casimir Lefaucheux et la fin du syst\u00e8me de cartouches de Pauly"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"Casimir<\/a>
Pistolet \u00e0 percussion Casimir Lefaucheux; collection de l'auteur<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

L'histoire du premier pistolet de Casimir Lefaucheux commence en 1812 lorsque Jean Samuel Pauly brevette un syst\u00e8me de pistolet et de fusil \u00e0 chargement par la culasse. Casimir Lefaucheux travaille alors comme apprenti pour Pauly et apprend l'art de la fabrication d'armes \u00e0 feu. Il y a des opinions divergentes sur ce qu'\u00e9tait exactement cette premi\u00e8re arme \u00e0 feu, certains chercheurs modernes<\/a> pensant que beaucoup de la documentation historique est incorrecte ou, du moins, m\u00e9lange les inventions de Pauly et celles de son successeur, Henri Roux.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui est s\u00fbr, c'est qu'\u00e0 cette \u00e9poque, Pauly cr\u00e9e et brevette un syst\u00e8me d'allumage d'une charge par l'utilisation d'air comprim\u00e9 rapidement avec un piston \u00e0 feu. Il est d\u00e9crit dans un rapport d'une commission militaire fran\u00e7aise le 16 juillet 1812. Cette conception est \u00e9galement brevet\u00e9e en Angleterre en 1814 et 1816, o\u00f9 Pauly d\u00e9m\u00e9nage apr\u00e8s avoir vendu sa boutique parisienne. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

La question est de savoir si c'\u00e9tait aussi la conception de son brevet fran\u00e7ais du 22 septembre 1812. La demande de brevet n'entre pas dans les d\u00e9tails sur le fonctionnement du m\u00e9canisme, et les dessins accompagnant montrent des images d'un fusil et d'un pistolet utilisant un piston \u00e0 percussion pour frapper un compos\u00e9 de percussion pr\u00e9coce. Les premi\u00e8res critiques du syst\u00e8me et le registre officiel du brevet parlent tous de ce m\u00e9canisme \u00e0 percussion. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Pauly<\/a>
Image du pistolet Pauly attribu\u00e9e au brevet Pauly de 1812 par l'Institut national de la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 industrielle fran\u00e7ais<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Certains chercheurs pensent qu'il est peu probable que Pauly ait cr\u00e9\u00e9 la version \u00e0 air comprim\u00e9 pour la revue militaire de 1812, puis qu'il soit pass\u00e9 \u00e0 la version \u00e0 percussion dans son mod\u00e8le civil plus tard en 1812, puis qu'il soit revenu \u00e0 la version \u00e0 air comprim\u00e9 qu'il a brevet\u00e9e \u00e0 Londres. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

Quoi qu'il en soit, la version \u00e0 air comprim\u00e9 est la plus ancienne et pr\u00e9sente une conception g\u00e9n\u00e9rale que tous les pistolets ult\u00e9rieurs suivront.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pistolet \u00e0 allumage \u00e0 air comprim\u00e9 de Pauly<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\n
\n
\"Pistolet<\/a>
Pistolet anglais Pauly; de The Royal Armouries<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n
\"Pistolet<\/a>
Pistolet anglais Pauly; de The Royal Armouries<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n
\n
\"Fire<\/a>
M\u00e9canisme de piston \u00e0 feu du pistolet anglais Pauly; de The Royal Armouries<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n
\"Percussion<\/a>
M\u00e9canisme de marteau \u00e0 percussion du pistolet fran\u00e7ais Pauly\/Roux; de The Royal Armouries<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

La version du pistolet de Pauly d'Henri Roux<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Ici, vous pouvez voir la diff\u00e9rence entre ces deux versions. La version \u00e0 percussion des armes \u00e0 feu sera davantage perfectionn\u00e9e par Henri Roux apr\u00e8s qu'il a repris l'atelier de Pauly suite au d\u00e9part de ce dernier pour Londres. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nous ne voyons pas le pistolet repr\u00e9sent\u00e9 dans les brevets de Roux, bien qu'il le d\u00e9crive et le repr\u00e9sente en d\u00e9tail dans sa publication de 1822, Fusils De Chasse, Et Principalement Des Fusils a Pistons De L\u2019invention Pauly, Avec Quelques Observations Sur La Fabrication Des Armes a Feu, Sur La Chasse, Sur La Poudre Et Ses Effets<\/a><\/em>, un livre qui d\u00e9crit tous les avantages du nouveau syst\u00e8me de fusil et de pistolet Pauly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Pauly<\/a>
Pistolet du syst\u00e8me Pauly fabriqu\u00e9 par Henri Roux; collection de Steve Evans & Linda Lasseter Antiques<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"Pauly<\/a>
Pistolet du syst\u00e8me Pauly fabriqu\u00e9 par Henri Roux; collection de Steve Evans & Linda Lasseter Antiques<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On peut voir que la culasse accepte ici une cartouche \u00e0 bourrelet et que ces armes \u00e0 feu marquent vraiment le d\u00e9but des armes \u00e0 feu \u00e0 cartouches. Un compos\u00e9 d'amor\u00e7age \u00e0 percussion serait plac\u00e9 dans le petit trou \u00e0 la base de la cartouche, qui serait ensuite frapp\u00e9 par le piston, enflammant la poudre. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Early<\/a>
Cartouches de pistolet Pauly anciennes, collection de l'auteur<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le passage aux capsules \u00e0 percussion<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Ces armes \u00e0 feu n'ont jamais vraiment connu un \u00e9norme succ\u00e8s et les armes \u00e0 feu \u00e0 capsules \u00e0 percussion ont vraiment commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 s'imposer sur le march\u00e9. Pour cette raison, \u00e0 partir de 1823, le syst\u00e8me Pauly s'orienterait de plus en plus vers les armes \u00e0 feu \u00e0 percussion typiques de l'\u00e9poque.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
\n

Le premier changement est intervenu dans le brevet de Henri Roux en 1823. Ce brevet a modifi\u00e9 les armes \u00e0 feu pour permettre \u00e0 une cartouche avec une chemin\u00e9e \u00e0 percussion de s'adapter. Cela a \u00e9limin\u00e9 le besoin de compos\u00e9 d'amor\u00e7age suppl\u00e9mentaire et l'a remplac\u00e9 par des capsules \u00e0 percussion qui \u00e9taient faciles \u00e0 trouver.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

\n
\"Cartouche<\/a>
Cartouche Roux; collection de Pete deCoux<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Les ajouts de Picherau<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Le 12 novembre 1824, Eug\u00e8ne Picherau reprend l'atelier et les brevets de Roux. Il continue \u00e0 \u00e9loigner le syst\u00e8me Pauly de sa conception originale. Son brevet du 23 janvier 1825 montre que le fusil est maintenant compl\u00e8tement pass\u00e9 \u00e0 une version \u00e0 capsule \u00e0 percussion et que les cartouches sont modifi\u00e9es pour fermer essentiellement la culasse. Elles vissent encore dans une cartouche en papier pour la maintenir en place, mais l'allumage provient d\u00e9sormais de l'ext\u00e9rieur de l'arme \u00e0 feu, \u00e0 partir de la chemin\u00e9e \u00e0 percussion. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Brevet<\/a>
Brevet d'Eug\u00e8ne Picherau du 23 janvier 1825<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Son ajout de brevet deux mois plus tard montre cependant toujours le style familier de pistolet avec sa cartouche autonome et son piston interne. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Brevet<\/a>
Brevet d'Eug\u00e8ne Picherau du 31 mars 1825<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Casimir Lefaucheux et la fin de la cartouche<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\" \"
 <\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

En 1828, le Bulletin des lois de la R\u00e9publique Fran\u00e7aise<\/em> rapporte la vente de la Maison Pauly et des droits de brevet de Picherau \u00e0 Casimir Lefaucheux. Cette vente a eu lieu le 10 juillet 1827.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Elle est \u00e9galement mentionn\u00e9e dans la premi\u00e8re r\u00e9f\u00e9rence que j'ai trouv\u00e9e et acquise sur Casimir Lefaucheux, dans le num\u00e9ro du 25 f\u00e9vrier 1828 du journal Le Constitutionnel<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"For
 
<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vous remarquerez peut-\u00eatre que ces deux r\u00e9f\u00e9rences utilisent \"Le-faucheux\" et \"le Faucheux\" pour d\u00e9signer Casimir. Ses premi\u00e8res armes \u00e0 feu seraient \u00e9galement marqu\u00e9es de cette mani\u00e8re. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quelque temps apr\u00e8s cette vente et probablement avant l'ajout de Lefaucheux aux brevets de Roux et Picherau le 29 mai 1828, je pense que ce premier style de pistolet a \u00e9t\u00e9 fabriqu\u00e9 et marqu\u00e9 par Le Faucheux.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"1827<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"1827<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ce pistolet est toujours bas\u00e9 sur le syst\u00e8me Pauly pour la mani\u00e8re dont il s'ouvre et se charge au niveau de la culasse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Casimir<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"1827<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, Lefaucheux a remplac\u00e9 le m\u00e9canisme de piston interne par un verrou externe similaire aux autres pistolets \u00e0 percussion de l'\u00e9poque. Et au lieu d'une cartouche autonome, ce pistolet \u00e9tait con\u00e7u pour accepter une cartouche de papier qui pouvait \u00eatre charg\u00e9e par la culasse. Ensuite, un capuchon de percussion externe serait plac\u00e9 sur le chapeau pour l'enflammer. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"1827<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"Lock<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"1827<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\n
\n
\"Lefaucheux<\/a>
Photographie d'A. Leveau<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n

Un pistolet similaire fabriqu\u00e9 par Casimir Lefaucheux apr\u00e8s son brevet de 1833 montre ce bloc de culasse amovible qui aide \u00e0 sceller la culasse. Je ne pense pas que le pistolet de ma collection utilisait quelque chose de similaire, car la conception incurv\u00e9e \u00e9tait destin\u00e9e \u00e0 aider \u00e0 l'\u00e9tanch\u00e9it\u00e9 du gaz. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

De plus, la base de la poign\u00e9e s'ouvre pour r\u00e9v\u00e9ler un espace de rangement o\u00f9 quelque chose comme cela ou une poign\u00e9e de capuchons de percussion pourrait \u00eatre stock\u00e9. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

\"Underside<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'ensemble, c'est un tr\u00e8s beau pistolet qui aide \u00e0 expliquer un moment important de l'histoire o\u00f9 les inventeurs \u00e9quilibraient leurs nouvelles id\u00e9es avec les r\u00e9alit\u00e9s de ce que les gens ach\u00e8teraient r\u00e9ellement. Pour Casimir Lefaucheux, en 1827, cela signifiait s'\u00e9loigner du syst\u00e8me de cartouche et revenir \u00e0 la percussion. Heureusement, son histoire ne s'arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 et quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, ses nouvelles id\u00e9es r\u00e9volutionneraient \u00e0 jamais les armes \u00e0 feu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
https:\/\/photos.smugmug.com\/photos\/i-mR9D6nj\/0\/d432eeff\/1920\/i-mR9D6nj-1920.mp4<\/a><\/video><\/div>\n<\/div><\/figure>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Casimir Lefaucheux Percussion Pistol; from Author’s collection This story of Casimir Lefaucheux’s first pistol begins in 1812 when Jean Samuel…<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":9551,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","wprm-recipe-roundup-name":"","wprm-recipe-roundup-description":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"{title}\n\n{excerpt}\n\n{url}","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"_wpas_customize_per_network":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[16,161,281],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9550","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-editors-choice","category-guns","category-lefaucheux"],"yoast_head":"\nCasimir Lefaucheux's first pistol and the death of Pauly's Cartridge System<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"This story of Casimir Lefaucheux's first pistol begins in 1812 when Jean Samuel Pauly patented an early breech-loading pistol and rifle. 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